Hubungan Moda Transportasi Dengan Waktu Tanggap/Response Time Pada Pasien Henti Jantung Di Luar Rumah Sakit Yang Dirujuk Ke IGD RSUD Dr. Iskak Tulungagung
Keywords:
Henti jantung diluar rumah sakit (OHCA), response time, moda transportasiAbstract
Latar belakang: Henti jantung merupakan kondisi kegawatdaruratan dari jantung yang sering terjadi. Pada korban dengan henti jantung kemampuan untuk bertahan akan berkurang 7-10% setiap menitnya. Penatalaksanaan yang dikenal sebagai chain of survival adalah kesatuan yang digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan harapan hidup pasien out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Penggunaan ambulan sangat menguntungkan untuk mengurangi angka mortalitas pasien OHCA karena memberikan pelayanan cepat dan merujuk ke rumah sakit yang tepat, serta mengurangi waktu respon. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa hubungan moda transportasi dengan waktu tanggap/response time pada klien OHCA di lingkup layanan Tulungagung Emergency Medical Services (TEMS) IGD RSUD Dr. Iskak Tulungagung. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling consecutive sebanyak 30 responden dengan menginklusikan semua pasien yang henti jantung secara tiba-tiba di luar rumah sakit yang sampai rumah sakit yang belum dinyatakan meninggal/DOA. Penelitian ini mengunakan kuisioner OHCA PAROS. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji spreaman rank dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian: Sebanyak 15 pasien OHCA dirujuk dengan menggunakan moda transportasi non ambulans, 8 pasien dirujuk dengan ambulans non EMS dan 7 pasien menggunakan ambulans EMS. Waktu tanggap pada 19 pasien OHCA tidak teridentifikasi, 7 pasien memiliki waktu tanggap ≤ 20 menit dan 4 pasien memiliki waktu tanggap > 20 menit. Dari pengujian statistik didapatkan ada hubungan antara moda transportasi dengan waktu tanggap/response time dengan nilai p = 0,000 < α = 0,05. Kesimpulan: Keberadaan TEMS belum mendukung penguatan chain of survival pasien OHCA dengan bukti rendahnya angka panggilan darurat untuk pasien henti jantung, sedikitnya penggunaan ambulans EMS dan upaya CPR prehospital yang dilakukan dan tidak adanya upaya pemberian defibrilasi dan obat emergensi prehospital. Sehingga penting dilakukan penyebarluasan informasi keberadaan dan fungsi atau peranan TEMS sebagai layanan panggilan darurat medis khususnya bagi pasien henti jantung kepada masyarakat
References
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Boyce, L. W., Vliet Vlieland, T. P. M., Bosch, J., Wolterbeek, R., Volker, G., van Exel, H. J., … Goossens, P. H. (2015). High survival rate of 43% in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in an optimised chain of survival. Netherlands Heart Journal : Monthly Journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 23(1), 205. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-014-0617-x
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Fukuda, T., Ohashi-Fukuda, N., Matsubara, T., Gunshin, M., Kondo, Y., & Yahagi, N. (2016). Effect of prehospital epinephrine on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a report from the national out-of-hospital cardiac arrest data registry in Japan, 2011--2012. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 110. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-016-2093-2
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Herlitz, J., Holmberg, S., Engdahl, J., Svensson, L., & Young, M. (2004). Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out- of-hospital cardiac arrest ?¨, 111-1119. http://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2003.029348
Hock, M. O. E., Pin, P. P., & Alhoda, M. (2014). Pan-Asian Network Promotes Regional Cardiac Arrest Research. Emergency Physician International Journal.
Keeffe, C. O. (2006). THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CHANGING AMBULANCE SERVICE RESPONSE TIME PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, (May).
Kemenkes. (2013). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kim, N.-H., Yun, K. H., & Oh, S. K. (2010). Sudden Cardiac Death. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 53(3), 214. http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2010.53.3.214
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Link, M. S., Berkow, L. C., Kudenchuk, P. J., Halperin, H. R., Hess, E. P., Moitra, V. K., ¦ Donnino, M. W. (2015). Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. Circulation, 132(18 suppl 2), S444464. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000261
Mani, G., Danasekaran, R., & Annadurai, K. (2014). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation : Equipping communities to save lives. Program Health Science, 4(2), 190-194.
Mathews, R., Peterson, E. D., Li, S., Roe, M. T., Glickman, S. W., Wiviott, S. D., … Wang, T. Y. (2011). Use of emergency medical service transport among patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With The Guidelines. Circulation, 124(2), 154-63. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.002345
Ong, M. E. H., Shin, S. Do, Tanaka, H., Ma, M. H.-M., Khruekarnchana, P., Hisamuddin, N.,¦ Khan, M. N. (2011). Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS): rationale, methodology, and implementation. Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(8), 890-7. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01132.x.
Berg, R. a, Hemphill, R., Abella, B. S., Aufderheide, T. P., Cave, D. M., Hazinski, M. F., ¦ Swor, R. a. (2010). Part 5: adult basic life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 122(18 Suppl 3), S685-705. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970939
Boyce, L. W., Vliet Vlieland, T. P. M., Bosch, J., Wolterbeek, R., Volker, G., van Exel, H. J., ¦ Goossens, P. H. (2015). High survival rate of 43% in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in an optimised chain of survival. Netherlands Heart Journal : Monthly Journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 23(1), 205. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-014-0617-x
Cummins, R., Chamberlain, D. A., Abramson, N. S., Allen, M., Baskett, P. J., Becker, L., ¦ Thies, W. H. (1991). AHA Medical / Scientific Statement Special Report Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : The Utstein Style A Statement for Health Professionals From a Task Force of the American Heart Association , the E. Circulation, 84(2).
Fosba¸l, E. L., Dupre, M. E., Strauss, B., Swanson, D. R., Myers, B., McNally, B. F.,¦ Granger, C. B. (2014). Association of neighborhood characteristics with incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and rates of bystander-initiated CPR Implications for community-based education intervention - Resuscitation. Resuscitation, 85(11). http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.resuscitation.2014.08.013
Fukuda, T., Ohashi-Fukuda, N., Matsubara, T., Gunshin, M., Kondo, Y., & Yahagi, N. (2016). Effect of prehospital epinephrine on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a report from the national out-of-hospital cardiac arrest data registry in Japan, 2011--2012. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1–10. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-016-2093-2
Hasegawa, M., Abe, T., Nagata, T., Onozuka, D., & Hagihara, A. (2015). The number of prehospital defibrillation shocks and 1-month survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 23, 34. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0112-4
Herlitz, J., Holmberg, S., Engdahl, J., Svensson, L., & Young, M. (2004). Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out- of-hospital cardiac arrest ?¨,1114-1119. http://doi.org/10.1136/ hrt.2003.029348
Hock, M. O. E., Pin, P. P., & Alhoda, M. (2014). Pan-Asian Network Promotes Regional Cardiac Arrest Research. Emergency Physician International Journal.
Keeffe, C. O. (2006). THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CHANGING AMBULANCE SERVICE RESPONSE TIME PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, (May).
Kemenkes. (2013). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kim, N.-H., Yun, K. H., & Oh, S. K. (2010). Sudden Cardiac Death. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 53(3), 214. http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2010.53.3.214
Lenjani, B., Baftiu, N., Pallaska, K., Hyseni, K., Gashi, N., Karemani, N.,¦ Elshani, B. (2014). Cardiac arrest“ cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Journal of Acute Disease, 3(1), 31-35. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(14)60007-X
Link, M. S., Berkow, L. C., Kudenchuk, P. J., Halperin, H. R., Hess, E. P., Moitra, V. K., … Donnino, M. W. (2015). Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. Circulation, 132(18 suppl 2), S444-464. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000261
Mani, G., Danasekaran, R., & Annadurai, K. (2014). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation : Equipping communities to save lives. Program Health Science, 4(2), 190-194.
Mathews, R., Peterson, E. D., Li, S., Roe, M. T., Glickman, S. W., Wiviott, S. D., … Wang, T. Y. (2011). Use of emergency medical service transport among patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With The Guidelines. Circulation, 124(2), 154-63. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.002345
Ong, M. E. H., Shin, S. Do, Tanaka, H., Ma, M. H.-M., Khruekarnchana, P., Hisamuddin, N., … Khan, M. N. (2011). Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS): rationale, methodology, and implementation. Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(8), 890–7. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01132.x
Pitt, E., & Pusponegoro, a. (2005). Prehospital care in Indonesia. Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ, 22(2), 144-7. http://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2003.007757
Proclemer, A., Dobreanu, D., Pison, L., Lip, G. Y. H., Svendsen, J. H., & Lundqvist, C. B. (2012). Current practice in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest management: a European heart rhythm association EP network survey. Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 14(8), 1195-8. http://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus232
Razzak, J. A., & Kellermann, A. L. (2002). Emergency medical care in developing countries : is it worthwhile ? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80(01).
Silvalila, M., Dradjat, R. S., & Haedar, A. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan masyarakat dalam memilih kendaraan untuk transportasi medis. Universitas Brawijaya.
Supriadi, A., Dradjat, R. S., Haedar, A., & Setijowati, N. (2016). Faktor-faktor pra rumah sakit yang mempengaruhi kembalinya sirkulasi spontan pada pasien henti jantung di luar rumah sakit di Kota Malang. Universitas Brawijaya.
Wasono, H. T. (2016). Tiru Amerika, RS Tulungagung Dipuji Menkes, Kenapa? TEMPO.CO.
Wibrandt, I., Norsted, K., Schmidt, H., & Schierbeck, J. (2015). Predictors for outcome among cardiac arrest patients: the importance of initial cardiac arrest rhythm versus time to return of spontaneous circulation, a retrospective cohort study. BMC Emergency Medicine, 15, 3. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-015-0028-3
Yasunaga, H., Miyata, H., Horiguchi, H., Tanabe, S., Akahane, M., Ogawa, T.,Imamura, T. (2011). Population density, call-response interval, and survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. International Journal of Health Geographics, 10(1), 26. http://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-10-26.
Boyce, L. W., Vliet Vlieland, T. P. M., Bosch, J., Wolterbeek, R., Volker, G., van Exel, H. J., … Goossens, P. H. (2015). High survival rate of 43% in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in an optimised chain of survival. Netherlands Heart Journal : Monthly Journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 23(1), 205. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-014-0617-x
Cummins, R., Chamberlain, D. A., Abramson, N. S., Allen, M., Baskett, P. J., Becker, L., ¦ Thies, W. H. (1991). AHA Medical / Scientific Statement Special Report Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : The Utstein Style A Statement for Health Professionals From a Task Force of the American Heart Association , the E. Circulation, 84(2).
Fosbøl, E. L., Dupre, M. E., Strauss, B., Swanson, D. R., Myers, B., McNally, B. F., ¦ Granger, C. B. (2014). Association of neighborhood characteristics with incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and rates of bystander-initiated CPR Implications for community-based education intervention - Resuscitation. Resuscitation, 85(11). http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.resuscitation.2014.08.013
Fukuda, T., Ohashi-Fukuda, N., Matsubara, T., Gunshin, M., Kondo, Y., & Yahagi, N. (2016). Effect of prehospital epinephrine on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a report from the national out-of-hospital cardiac arrest data registry in Japan, 2011--2012. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 110. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-016-2093-2
Hasegawa, M., Abe, T., Nagata, T., Onozuka, D., & Hagihara, A. (2015). The number of prehospital defibrillation shocks and 1-month survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 23, 34. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0112-4
Herlitz, J., Holmberg, S., Engdahl, J., Svensson, L., & Young, M. (2004). Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out- of-hospital cardiac arrest ?¨, 111-1119. http://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2003.029348
Hock, M. O. E., Pin, P. P., & Alhoda, M. (2014). Pan-Asian Network Promotes Regional Cardiac Arrest Research. Emergency Physician International Journal.
Keeffe, C. O. (2006). THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CHANGING AMBULANCE SERVICE RESPONSE TIME PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, (May).
Kemenkes. (2013). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kim, N.-H., Yun, K. H., & Oh, S. K. (2010). Sudden Cardiac Death. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 53(3), 214. http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2010.53.3.214
Lenjani, B., Baftiu, N., Pallaska, K., Hyseni, K., Gashi, N., Karemani, N.,¦ Elshani, B. (2014). Cardiac arrest“ cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Journal of Acute Disease, 3(1), 31–35. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(14)60007-X
Link, M. S., Berkow, L. C., Kudenchuk, P. J., Halperin, H. R., Hess, E. P., Moitra, V. K., ¦ Donnino, M. W. (2015). Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. Circulation, 132(18 suppl 2), S444464. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000261
Mani, G., Danasekaran, R., & Annadurai, K. (2014). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation : Equipping communities to save lives. Program Health Science, 4(2), 190-194.
Mathews, R., Peterson, E. D., Li, S., Roe, M. T., Glickman, S. W., Wiviott, S. D., … Wang, T. Y. (2011). Use of emergency medical service transport among patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With The Guidelines. Circulation, 124(2), 154-63. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.002345
Ong, M. E. H., Shin, S. Do, Tanaka, H., Ma, M. H.-M., Khruekarnchana, P., Hisamuddin, N.,¦ Khan, M. N. (2011). Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS): rationale, methodology, and implementation. Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(8), 890-7. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01132.x.
Berg, R. a, Hemphill, R., Abella, B. S., Aufderheide, T. P., Cave, D. M., Hazinski, M. F., ¦ Swor, R. a. (2010). Part 5: adult basic life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 122(18 Suppl 3), S685-705. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970939
Boyce, L. W., Vliet Vlieland, T. P. M., Bosch, J., Wolterbeek, R., Volker, G., van Exel, H. J., ¦ Goossens, P. H. (2015). High survival rate of 43% in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in an optimised chain of survival. Netherlands Heart Journal : Monthly Journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 23(1), 205. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-014-0617-x
Cummins, R., Chamberlain, D. A., Abramson, N. S., Allen, M., Baskett, P. J., Becker, L., ¦ Thies, W. H. (1991). AHA Medical / Scientific Statement Special Report Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : The Utstein Style A Statement for Health Professionals From a Task Force of the American Heart Association , the E. Circulation, 84(2).
Fosba¸l, E. L., Dupre, M. E., Strauss, B., Swanson, D. R., Myers, B., McNally, B. F.,¦ Granger, C. B. (2014). Association of neighborhood characteristics with incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and rates of bystander-initiated CPR Implications for community-based education intervention - Resuscitation. Resuscitation, 85(11). http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.resuscitation.2014.08.013
Fukuda, T., Ohashi-Fukuda, N., Matsubara, T., Gunshin, M., Kondo, Y., & Yahagi, N. (2016). Effect of prehospital epinephrine on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a report from the national out-of-hospital cardiac arrest data registry in Japan, 2011--2012. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1–10. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-016-2093-2
Hasegawa, M., Abe, T., Nagata, T., Onozuka, D., & Hagihara, A. (2015). The number of prehospital defibrillation shocks and 1-month survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 23, 34. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0112-4
Herlitz, J., Holmberg, S., Engdahl, J., Svensson, L., & Young, M. (2004). Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out- of-hospital cardiac arrest ?¨,1114-1119. http://doi.org/10.1136/ hrt.2003.029348
Hock, M. O. E., Pin, P. P., & Alhoda, M. (2014). Pan-Asian Network Promotes Regional Cardiac Arrest Research. Emergency Physician International Journal.
Keeffe, C. O. (2006). THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CHANGING AMBULANCE SERVICE RESPONSE TIME PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, (May).
Kemenkes. (2013). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kim, N.-H., Yun, K. H., & Oh, S. K. (2010). Sudden Cardiac Death. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 53(3), 214. http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2010.53.3.214
Lenjani, B., Baftiu, N., Pallaska, K., Hyseni, K., Gashi, N., Karemani, N.,¦ Elshani, B. (2014). Cardiac arrest“ cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Journal of Acute Disease, 3(1), 31-35. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(14)60007-X
Link, M. S., Berkow, L. C., Kudenchuk, P. J., Halperin, H. R., Hess, E. P., Moitra, V. K., … Donnino, M. W. (2015). Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. Circulation, 132(18 suppl 2), S444-464. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000261
Mani, G., Danasekaran, R., & Annadurai, K. (2014). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation : Equipping communities to save lives. Program Health Science, 4(2), 190-194.
Mathews, R., Peterson, E. D., Li, S., Roe, M. T., Glickman, S. W., Wiviott, S. D., … Wang, T. Y. (2011). Use of emergency medical service transport among patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With The Guidelines. Circulation, 124(2), 154-63. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.002345
Ong, M. E. H., Shin, S. Do, Tanaka, H., Ma, M. H.-M., Khruekarnchana, P., Hisamuddin, N., … Khan, M. N. (2011). Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS): rationale, methodology, and implementation. Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(8), 890–7. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01132.x
Pitt, E., & Pusponegoro, a. (2005). Prehospital care in Indonesia. Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ, 22(2), 144-7. http://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2003.007757
Proclemer, A., Dobreanu, D., Pison, L., Lip, G. Y. H., Svendsen, J. H., & Lundqvist, C. B. (2012). Current practice in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest management: a European heart rhythm association EP network survey. Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 14(8), 1195-8. http://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus232
Razzak, J. A., & Kellermann, A. L. (2002). Emergency medical care in developing countries : is it worthwhile ? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80(01).
Silvalila, M., Dradjat, R. S., & Haedar, A. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan masyarakat dalam memilih kendaraan untuk transportasi medis. Universitas Brawijaya.
Supriadi, A., Dradjat, R. S., Haedar, A., & Setijowati, N. (2016). Faktor-faktor pra rumah sakit yang mempengaruhi kembalinya sirkulasi spontan pada pasien henti jantung di luar rumah sakit di Kota Malang. Universitas Brawijaya.
Wasono, H. T. (2016). Tiru Amerika, RS Tulungagung Dipuji Menkes, Kenapa? TEMPO.CO.
Wibrandt, I., Norsted, K., Schmidt, H., & Schierbeck, J. (2015). Predictors for outcome among cardiac arrest patients: the importance of initial cardiac arrest rhythm versus time to return of spontaneous circulation, a retrospective cohort study. BMC Emergency Medicine, 15, 3. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-015-0028-3
Yasunaga, H., Miyata, H., Horiguchi, H., Tanabe, S., Akahane, M., Ogawa, T.,Imamura, T. (2011). Population density, call-response interval, and survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. International Journal of Health Geographics, 10(1), 26. http://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-10-26.
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2016-09-10
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Anndy Prasyta, Respati Suryanto Drajat, Ali Haedar, & Nanik Setijowati. (2016). Hubungan Moda Transportasi Dengan Waktu Tanggap/Response Time Pada Pasien Henti Jantung Di Luar Rumah Sakit Yang Dirujuk Ke IGD RSUD Dr. Iskak Tulungagung. MEDICA MAJAPAHIT, 8(2). Retrieved from https://ejournal.stikesmajapahit.ac.id/index.php/MM/article/view/260
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